The presence of a relatively inextensible cell wall prevents furrowing in plant cells. The plant cells instead undergo separation by cell plate formation that starts from center of plant cell.

Asters are made out of microtubules, which are a type of cytoskeletal proteins of cell. Asters radiate from centrosomes on opposite poles of cells during M phase of cell division.

During anaphase, chromatids are separated and start moving towards poles from metaphase plate. This occurs by shortening of microtubules which pulls chromatids towards poles.

Anaphase is third stage of M phase or mitosis. It succeeds metaphase, phase during which chromosomes align mselves along equator of cell. In anaphase, y start separating towards poles.

The phenomenon of nuclear division is known as karyokinesis. Cell division is known as cytokinesis. These events take place in cell during mitosis. Mitosis is terminated with cell division or cytokinesis.

During anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated and bivalent is hence, equally divided. It takes place after diakinesis, which is a part of prophase I. Sister chromatids are not separated.

Synapsis is process of chromosomal association that takes place in zygotene stage of prophase I. It results in pairing of homologous chromosomes and involves synaptonemal complex formation. It results in bivalent formation.

In metaphase stage of mitosis or M phase, chromosomes are spread out throughout cytoplasm and not confined to nucleus. They are highly condensed and hence can be studied easily.

Crossing over and recombination takes place during pachytene stage of prophase I. The stage preceding this is zygotene stage which is characterized by formation of synaptonemal complex.

Chiasmata is an X-shaped structure formed by tetrad. It occurs due to tendency of homologous chromosomes of a tetrad to move away from each or except at center. It occurs in diplotene stage of prophase I.