For salt A_xB_y, (A_xB_y = xA^y+ + yB^x+), solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is given by x^x.y^y.s^x+y. K_sp = x^x.y^y.s^x+y, where x = 2 and y = 3; K_sp = 108S5 = 1 x 10^-25. S = 10^-5. The solubility of salt is given by 10^-5.

If addition of a strong acid or base changes pH of a buffer by unit, buffer solution is assumed to be destroyed that is new pH = pK_a ± 1; that means [salt]/[acid] or [acid]/[salt] = 10 or 1/10.

Salts are strong electrolytes and on dissolution in water split up into ions. Which react with hydrogen ions are Hydroxide ions furnished by water yielding an acidic or basic solution. This process is called salt hydrolysis and is reverse process of neutralization.

When reaction can be expressed as sum of two or reactions, equilibrium constant of overall reaction is equal to product of equilibrium constants of individual reactions, so 20 units x 30 units = 600 units.

When process is exormic, low temperature of favors Forward reaction and when process is endormic high temperature favors formation of products. This is according to le chatelier’s principle.

Equilibrium that is set up in a physical process like evaporation of water melting of solids is called physical equilibrium. If a reversible reaction is carried out in a closed vessel chemical equilibrium occurs when rate of both forward and backward reactions are equal, so above statement is false.

As we know that K_C = K_P(RT)^Δng, here Δng = moles of products – moles of reactants which are in gaseous state only = 2 – (1+1) = 0. So K_C = K_P(RT)⁰, K_C = K_P(1) = K_P; K_C = K_P, refore K_P is same as K_C and K_P is 2 x 10^-3.

At equilibrium, equilibrium constant and reaction quotient is equal. The equilibrium constant is depicted by symbol K_C and reaction quotient is represented by symbol Q_C.

If a chemical reaction is multiplied by a constant n equilibrium constant of particular chemical reaction is raised to power of constant by which chemical reaction is multiplied, so here and is a constant and equilibrium constant of reaction is kⁿ.

According to Arrhenius concept of acids and bases, an acid is a chemical substance which dissociates in aqueous solution to give hydrogen ions or hydronium ions. Therefore HCl is an Arrhenius acid.