Channel is third element in process of communication. A message may be sent via an electronic word processing system or through printed work or or media.

Communication is complete only when receiver understands message. Many communication problems arise because of misunderstandings.

Communication growth requires eight factors. They are: growth in size of organisations, globalization, growth of trade unions, public relations, and so on.

The probability chain is a random process in which one transmits information to ors in accordance with laws of probability and it goes on.

Upward communication moves from grass root level to higher levels in an organization. Its main objectives are: providing feedback, constructive suggestions, etc.

The statement is true. Communication should serve as a conflict- reduction exercise. When people start competing for fulfillment of ir narrow interests communication suffers.

The correct statement is: To make our communication effective, we should follow seven C?s and four S?s.

The statement is true. On basis of nature, communicating can be of two types. They are: formal and informal communication.

There are six methods for upward communication. They are: open-door policy, complaints and suggestions boxes, social garings, direct correspondence, reports and counselling.

Grapevine is classified into four types. They are: single strand, gossip, probability and cluster. There is no such type as double strand.