The types of dips are primary, secondary, local and regional. Widespread dip is not considered as a dip.

The basic definition of structural geology is ? branch of geology which deals with morphology, classification, mechanism and causes of development of se rock structures?. Hence answer Structural Geology.

When dip of a layer is measured in a direction that is essentially at right angles to strike of that particular layer, n it is called true dip. When dip of a layer is measured in any or direction, which is not at right angles to its strike direction, it is called an apparent dip.

Vertical thickness = Width of outcrop * tan (angle of inclination)
Vertical thickness = 240 * tan (25°) = 111.91 m

The direction of dip is determined with a simple compass whereas angle of dip is determined with an instrument called clinometer, which comes built in with compass.

Solid rocks are not exposed everywhere on surface of earth. These are mostly covered with a thick or thin layer of loose deposit called alluvium or in most common language as soil. Hence rock or outcrop is not seen everywhere on earth.

Secondary dip is inclination induced in strata after its deposition due to tectonic forces to which such strata have been subsequently subjected. Secondary dips may range in value up to vertical.

The term lamination is closely related to stratification. It is a layered structure developed in extremely fine grained sedimentary rocks made up of clay and silt. The layers are paper thin literally speaking.

Most sedimentary rocks are deposited under conditions which favour development of distinct layers piled up one above anor, from bottom to top. These layers also called beds or strata.

The equation to calculate True thickness is given by
True thickness = Width of outcrop * Sin 30°
By substitution and calculation, we get 180 m.
True thickness = 360 * sin (30°) = 180 m