The principles of ?Scientific Management? were given by Frederick W. Taylor, in year of 1875. This affected production standards most.

Quality assurance is set of activities, that ensure quality levels of products and services are properly maintained, and supplier-customer relations are good.

Shewhart cycle is generally described as PDCA cycle where PDCA stands for Plan-Do-Check-Act. Sometimes, in PDCA cycle, check step is called Study step.

Control chart is a very useful part of process monitoring tool, as it can only give information if process is going out of control.

Length of any object is a continuous value. As all continuous values are a variable, so will be length of rectangular box.

Reduction in variability removes harmful differences between product units. This means fewer failures, hence lesser repair claims.

Inspection identifies defects at instant when producer has already paid to make m. So we cannot rely on mass inspection as it costs much.

By reaching till level of six-sigma quality level, we get almost 3.4 ppm defective products.

The concept of assembly line was first introduced by Henry Ford. This refined work methods. The goal of this concept was to improve productivity and quality.

External failure costs are costs occurring when product does not perform satisfactorily after it is delivered to customers. Indirect cost is one of m.