The bulking of sand is maximum when water content is 5 to 6%. Saturating soil above 5 or 6% will result in destruction of menisci and decrease in volume.

Capillary water is soil moisture located within interstices and voids of capillary forces.

Explanation:

Marine deposits that are subjected to high water depths experience an increase in hydrostatic pressure. This increase in pressure reduces effective stress within deposits. Effective stress is portion of total stress that contributes to shear strength and deformation of soil. The high water pressure reduces effective stress, leading to lower shear strength in marine deposits.

Additional InformationShear Strength:

• Shear strength refers to resistance of soil to deformation and failure when subjected to shear forces.
• It represents ability of soil to resist sliding along internal surfaces or planes.
• Shear strength is a crucial property in stability analyses, slope stability assessments, foundation design, and retaining wall design.

Effective Stress:

• Effective stress is a measure of stress that is responsible for mechanical behavior of soil.
• It represents portion of total stress carried by soil skeleton that influences its strength and deformation characteristics.
• The effective stress is difference between total stress and pore water pressure within soil.

Initially when soil is fully saturated, capillary space between particles are completely filled with water, refore tension in water becomes zero at this stage.

Since upward force due to surface tension are balanced by downward force at lower end re will be no water retained in tube.

Effective pressure ??? or intergranular pressure is pressure transmitted from particle through ir point of contact through soil mass above plane.

When height of impervious core of earth dam is less than that of capillary rise, n due to capillary action, water from one side of dam will move to or side over impervious core by a phenomenon known as capillary siphoning.

As water is decreased linearly in tube due to suction of soil mass. The pressure deficiency is also called as soil suction or suction pressure.

A well graded soil is reckoned to be frost susceptible if 3 % particle are smaller than 0.002 mm and for poor graded soil 10 % particle are smaller than 0.002 mm.

Decrease in water content of soil results in decrease in volume of soil thus causing shrinkage of soil.