Scaffolding is a temporary platform provided with necessary supports close to work to provide a limited space for labours and workers for construction of masonry work of any structure above 1.5 m.

The solar arrays are electrically defined in terms of circuits each of which contributes a portion of total current output at some nominally specified array voltage.

The head regulator is one of canal regulation works. It can control entry of silt into canal. It can be used as a metre for measuring discharge. It can shut out river floods.

The ideal Fluids are imaginary fluids in nature, y are incompressible. These fluids possess low viscosity. Air and water are considered as ideal fluids.

Stiffness of a beam is inversely proportional to deflection. Smaller deflection in a beam due to given external load, greater is its stiffness.

In simply supported beams, deflection is maximum at mid span of a symmetrically loaded beam.

In this method, canal is aligned along falling contour. A generally higher side is left without bank. So it is also called a single bank canal. The contour canal cuts across natural drainage courses.

An ideal fluid is a fluid where re is no resistance to deformation. Ideal Fluids are those Fluids which have no viscosity surface tension. The shear stress is also absent. This fluid is also called as perfect fluid.

Hollow concrete blocks are used in load bearing walls. In manufacture of se blocks, light height aggregates are used. The recommended size is 39 × 19 × 30 cm.
The average crushing strength of blocks Shall be 5N/mm².

The rise given to centre of carriage way with reference to its edge can be termed as camber. It is expressed as 1 vertical to n horizontal. It is also measured along percentage basis.