In local shear failure, the failure surface do not reach the ground surface because ________

The equation Nc = (Nq – 1) cot φ, have been adopted by _______

Punching shear may occur in loose sand with density less than _______

The value of shape factor S c, S q and S γ for circular base is _____

The symbol σ̅, represent which of the following term?

When D=0, the value of Nc for strip footing will be ________

The plate load test consists in loading a rigid plate at the _____

The ultimate bearing capacity and the net ultimate capacity are connected by the relation ________