Identify X in the following reaction.

Benzoic acid is obtained from the oxidation of ___ with alkaline KMnO4 followed by treatment with mineral acid.

What is formed when benzoic acid undergoes nitration in the presence of conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4?

The final product(s) of basic hydrolysis followed by acidification of ethyl butanoate is ___

Which of the following carboxylic acids is most reactive towards esterification with given alcohol?

Formaldehyde cannot undergo aldol condensation as well as Cannizzaro’s reaction.

Ethanoic acid is used as vinegar in the cooking industry.

Which of the following is the most acidic?