What is the food chain beginning with host and ending with a parasite (ecto as well as endoparasite) called?

The sequence of communities of primary succession in water is?</h2></div>

Instead of excreting, these can store urea in the tissues<span><br> </span></h2></div>

What is the missing level of the organization? First trophic level → Secound trophic level → Third trophic le…

Living organisms require ............. to produce proteins and nucleic acids in their body.</h2></div>

What are examples of primary succession?<span><br> </span></h2></div>

In a grassland ecosystem, the largest population in a pyramid of number is _______.<br> </h2></div>

What does 'R' represent in the given equation for productivity in an ecosystem? GPP-R=NPP</h2></div>