While using three moments equation, a fixed end of a continuous beam is replaced by an additional span of

For beams breadth is constant,

The stiffness of the close coil helical spring is

A shaft subjected to a bending moment M and a torque T, experiences

The test strength of the sample is taken as the average of the strength of

The maximum bending moment due to a train of wheel loads on a simply supported girder

Maximum strain theory for the failure of a material at the elastic limit, is known as

The forces in the members of simple trusses, may be analysed by

A three hinged arch is generally hinged at its supports and