The temperature reinforcement in the vertical slab of a T-shaped R.C. retaining wall is

Minimum pitch of transverse reinforcement in a column is

The limits of percentage p of the longitudinal reinforce-ment in a column is given by

The load factors for live load and dead load are taken respectively as

A T-shaped retaining wall mainly conssits of

The slab is designed as one way if the ratio of long span to short span is

Sinking of an intermediate support of a continuous beam<BR>i) reduces the negative moment at support<BR>ii) …

1% of voids in a concrete mix would reduce its strength by about