The percentage of reinforcement in case of slabs, when high strength deformed bars are used is not less than

In T-shaped R.C. retaining walls, the main reinforcement in the stem is provided on

Admixtures which cause early setting and hardening of concrete are called

Prestress loss due to friction occurs

The average permissible stress in bond for plain bars in tension is

The limits of percentage p of the longitudinal reinforce-ment in a column is given by

When shear stress exceeds the permissible limit in a slab, then it is reduced by

While designing the pile as a column, the end conditions are nearly