Name two endocrine glands which secrete ir hormones when y receive orders from pituitary through its hormones.

Concept:

• Endocrine glands lack ducts and are hence, also called ductless glands. Their secretions are called hormones which are directly released into the bloodstream.
• The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens.
• Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) -> zona glomerulosa ->blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
• Glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone -> zona fasciculata -> metabolism and immune system suppression.
• Androgens -> zona reticularis -> converted to fully functional sex hormones in the gonads

Regulation:

• Glucocorticoids are under the regulatory influence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis. Glucocorticoid synthesis is stimulated by the adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH.
• Mineralocorticoid secretion is regulated mainly by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS. The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys release the enzyme renin into the blood, which starts reactions that lead to the formation of Angiotensin II. [Mineralocorticoids are not under influence of the pituitary so even if the adrenal gland is endocrine it does not answer]

Explanation:

• The pituitary gland is the master gland of the body as it controls the functioning of many other endocrine glands.
• The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called Sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk.
• It secretes several hormones like growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), oxytocin and vasopressin.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
• In males, Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones called androgens from the testis.

Hence, the two endocrine glands which secrete their hormones when they receive orders from the pituitary through its hormones are the thyroid & testis.

Mistake Points In this Question the thyroid and testis are exclusively endocrine and receive their order from the pituitary gland to secrete their hormones. The adrenal gland and part of its secretion are independent of the pituitary.