Kevin is remanded by courts for psychiatric treatment. His police record, which dates to his early teenage years, includes delinquency, running away, auto ft, and vandalism. He dropped out of school at age 16 and has been living on his own since n. His history suggests maladaptive coping, which is associated with:

Correct Answer: A. Antisocial personality disorder

The client’s history of delinquency, running away from home, vandalism, and dropping out of school are characteristic of antisocial personality disorder. This maladaptive coping pattern is manifested by a disregard for societal norms of behavior and an inability to relate meaningfully to others. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a deeply ingrained and rigid dysfunctional thought process that focuses on social irresponsibility with exploitive, delinquent, and criminal behavior with no remorse. Disregard for and the violation of others’ rights are common manifestations of this personality disorder, which displays symptoms that include failure to conform to the law, inability to sustain consistent employment, deception, manipulation for personal gain, and incapacity to form stable relationships.

• Option B: In borderline personality disorder, the client exhibits mood instability, poor self-image, identity disturbance, and labile affect. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is 1 of 4 Cluster-B disorders that include borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, and histrionic. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by hypersensitivity to rejection and resulting instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and behavior.
• Option C: Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with impulses and thoughts that the client realizes are senseless but can’t control. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often a disabling condition consisting of bothersome intrusive thoughts that elicit a feeling of discomfort. To reduce the anxiety and distress associated with these thoughts, the patient may employ compulsions or rituals. These rituals may be personal and private, or they may involve others to participate; the rituals are to compensate for the ego-dystonic feelings of the obsessional thoughts and can cause a significant decline in function.
• Option D: Narcissistic personality disorder is marked by a pattern of self-involvement, grandiosity, and demand for constant attention. Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5). The disorder is classified in the dimensional model of “Personality Disorders.”NPD is highly comorbid with other disorders in mental health.