Near to 45 years, menstrual cycle stops in females. What is this called? 

The correct answer is Menopause

Explanation-

• This phase of a woman's life is referred to as menopause, which typically occurs when a woman is in her late 40s to early 50s.
• Menopause is the natural cessation, or stopping, of a woman's menstrual cycles, and it marks the end of her fertility.
• The transition leading up to menopause is called perimenopause.

• The process of menopause is not instantaneous, it is preceded by a transitional phase called perimenopause. During perimenopause, the ovaries start reducing the production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. These changes often lead to irregular menstrual cycles that can be longer, shorter, heavier, or lighter.

• Once a woman has gone 12 months without a period, she is said to have reached menopause.

• Symptoms often associated with menopause include hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, problems with sleep, vaginal dryness or atrophy, reduced libido, and weight gain. Some women might also experience issues with memory and concentration.

Additional Information 

Menarche is the term used to define a girl's first menstrual cycle or first menstrual bleeding.

• It's a significant event in a female's life as it marks the onset of fertility and is a key sign of puberty in females.
• Menarche typically happens between the ages of 9 to 16, but this can vary based on several factors, including genetics, nutrition, environmental factors, and overall health. It tends to occur slightly earlier in girls who have a higher body mass index (BMI).
• The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones including estrogen and progesterone that lead to the development and release of an egg from the ovaries (ovulation) and preparation of the uterus for potential pregnancy. If the released egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining is shed, resulting in menstrual bleeding, which starts at menarche.