Which one of following is a set of diseases caused/spread by mosquitoes?

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. Chikungunya, Dengue, Malaria. 

Concept:

• Illness/Diseases: It is a state of experience by the body when one or more of the control systems of the body are not functioning normally.  
  • Communicable disease: The diseases which are infectious or transmissible from a body to body through biological agents in humans and animals. Ex- Influenza, Ebola, Covid-19, etc.
  • Non-communicable disease: The disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another through biological agents, Ex- Astana, Diabetes, etc.

Explanation:

• Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. 
• Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. 
• Chikungunya is a viral disease (genus Alphavirus) that is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes – including Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. 
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.
• It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with HIV, most commonly during unprotected sex (sex without a condom or HIV medicine to prevent or treat HIV), or through sharing injection drug equipment.
• AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.
• Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, usually through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
• Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. 

Additional Information

Stagnant water:

• When the flow of the water stops and that water is there only for some period of time is called stagnant water.
• Stagnant water is the main source for many types of diseases too.
• The rainwater collected in the open tyres and also in the tank and if not looking for a long time may become a house for many types of diseases.
• Malaria may be caused by stagnant water.
• Water pollution can often lead to increased breeding of mosquitoes that carry parasites.
• The growth or breeding of the mosquitoes can be stopped by spraying the kerosene on the water.
• This happens because when we spray the kerosene then the oxygen supply to the larva (small mosquitoes) stops and they die in the water.
• Spreading oil over water cuts the oxygen supply, hence mosquitoes cannot breed in them.
• Polio is caused by a virus known as poliovirus and it can cause paralysis.
• Pneumonia is a lung disease that happens because of bacterial or viral infections.
• Chicken Pox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The disease is also known as Varicella.

Some common communicable diseases are: