It is more convenient and gives better results while measuring horizontal distance ............ by stepping method.

The orthographical projection of a traverse leg upon the reference meridian is known, as ............

If the whole circle bearing of a line is 180°, its reduced bearing is ............

If L is the measured length of a base line whose elevation is h above MSL: the necessary correction to reduce the base l…

When the length of chain used in measuring distance is longer than the standard length, the error in measured distance w…

The Simpson's rule of areas assumes that the portions of the boundary between the ends of ordinates are ............

Sensitiveness of bubble tube can be increased by ............

If the fore bearing of a line is N26°35'W, its back bearing will be ............

An example for instrument error in leveling is ............