The curvature of the earth's surface is taken into account only if the extent of survey is more than ............

In a reverse curve, the super elevation provided at the point of reverse curvature is ............

Setting out of a simple curve by two theodolite method does not require ............

When R is the radius of the curve (in metres), D is the degree of curve (in degrees) and length of the chord is 30 m, th…

The angle of intersection of a counter and a ridge line, is ............

Short offsets are measured with ............

The tangent to the liquid surface in a level tube, is parallel to the axis of the bubble ............

The bubble tube is nearly filled with ............

Accidental or compensating errors of length L are proportional to ............