Ranging in chain survey means

Planimeter is used for measuring

Geodetic survey is different from plane surveying because of

The least count of a vernier scale is

A relatively permanent point of reference whose elevation is known as:

Which of the following instruments can be used for the direct measurement of directions?

After levelling of an instrument is done what is the next up?

In order to determine the natural features such as valleys, rivers, lakes etc., the surveying preferred is

An invert is taken when the point is