The amount of correction due to local attraction at a place

Contour interval is

The spiral angle of a transition curve will be given by the equation

Isogonics lines are the lines having the same

In chain surveying, perpendiculars to the chain line, are set out by

Which one of the following is known as instrumental error in plane table surveying?

In a survey it was recorded that Σ Rise = 0, then

A change point is

When it is not possible to set up the level, midway between the two points, then the difference in elevation between the…