When internal angles are to be subtended by a theodolite survey for closed traverse

At magnetic poles, the dip of magnetic needle is

When the length of chain used in measuring distance is longer than the standard length, the error in measured distance w…

Trapezoidal formula is also known as

In order to determine the natural features such as valleys, rivers, lakes etc., the surveying preferred is

The most accurate measurement of the length of a long survey lines is made by using?

The total change in level along the line is equal to total back sights

A horizontal angle which a line makes with the true meridian through one of the extremities of the line, is called

Which one of the following mistakes/errors may be cumulative positive or negative?