In order to locate a point by oblique offsets we must measure and note at least

The method of plane tabling commonly used for establishing the instrument stations only, is a

Reciprocal levelling eliminates

The vertical distance between the elevations represented by adjacent contour lines on a map is called

On a diagonal scale, it is possible to read up to

left swing is not much favoured in theodolite survey because

An obstacle which obstructs both chaining and ranging may be

The variation in magnetic declination may be

Invar tapes are made of an alloy of