If 'n' is the number of sides, then the total sum of interior angles of a closed traverse should be

Error in sighting and reading is termed as

An imaginary line lying throughout on the surface of the earth and preserving a constant inclination to the horizontal, …

If the back sight and fore sight distance are kept equal during levelling observations, then the effect of both refracti…

The degree of the curve is the angle subtended by a chord of length.

The total length of the curve is equal to

The curvature of the earth is taken into consideration if the limit of survey is

If the end stations of a line are free from local attraction, then the difference in between fore and back bearing of th…

The imaginary line joining the points if zero declination on the surface of the earth is called as