Partial derivative of strain energy gives

The moment diagram for a cantilever carrying concentrated load at its free end will be

A simply supported beam of span L carries a uniformly distributed load, w. The maximum bending moment, M is

The section modulus of a rectangular section is proportional to

The ratio of stiffness of a member when far end is hinged to that of the member when far end is fixed is

The plastic design of steel structure which is based on the statical method of plastic analysis

A simply supported beam of span L carries a uniformly distributed load, w. The maximum shear force, V is

The ultimate strength design of steel structures make use of

The shape factor of circular section is