Concept:

• Endocrine glands lack ducts and are hence, also called ductless glands. Their secretions are called hormones which are directly released into bloodstream.
• The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens.
• Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) -> zona glomerulosa ->blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
• Glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone -> zona fasciculata -> metabolism and immune system suppression.
• Androgens -> zona reticularis -> converted to fully functional sex hormones in gonads

Regulation:

• Glucocorticoids are under regulatory influence of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis. Glucocorticoid synsis is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH.
• Mineralocorticoid secretion is regulated mainly by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS. The juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidneys release enzyme renin into blood, which starts reactions that lead to formation of Angiotensin II. [Mineralocorticoids are not under influence of pituitary so even if adrenal gland is endocrine it does not answer]

Explanation:

• The pituitary gland is master gland of body as it controls functioning of many or endocrine glands.
• The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called Sella tursica and is attached to hypothalamus by a stalk.
• It secretes several hormones like growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), oxytocin and vasopressin.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates synsis and secretion of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland.
• In males, Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates synsis and secretion of hormones called androgens from testis.

Hence,  two endocrine glands which secrete ir hormones when y receive orders from pituitary through its hormones are thyroid & testis.

Mistake Points In this Question thyroid and testis are exclusively endocrine and receive ir order from pituitary gland to secrete ir hormones. The adrenal gland and part of its secretion are independent of pituitary.

The correct answer is Eye.

Key Points

• The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent mucous membrane.
• It lines inner surface of eyelids and covers sclera ( white part of eye). 
• The conjunctiva contains glands that produce secretions that help to keep eyes moist, and antibodies, which reduce infection.
• Conjunctivitis means ‘inflammation of conjunctiva’.

Additional Information

• It is usual for both eyes to be affected in infectious cases. 
• Some causes include: 
  • The commonest cause is an infection by viruses or bacteria.
  • Due to chemical irritants.
  • Traditional eye remedies or allergies.

Important Points

• Effects:
  • The eyes are red and uncomfortable. 
  • Make eyelids stick toger.
  • The vision is usually not affected.

For a client who has had a transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), most important action for nurse to do is:

• Ensure patency of indwelling cater.

Rational:-

• TURP is a common surgical procedure to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and it involves removal of part of prostate gland through urethra.

Following TURP, maintaining patency of indwelling urinary cater is crucial for several reasons:

• It allows for continuous bladder irrigation to prevent clot formation, which can obstruct cater and lead to bladder distention, pain, and postoperative complications.
• It ensures adequate urine flow and drainage, which is essential for monitoring urine output and detecting signs of bleeding or infection.
• It helps in management and reduction of postoperative swelling and facilitates healing.

The or options, while also important aspects of postoperative care, are less critical specifically for a client who has undergone a TURP procedure:

• Maintain patency of cystostomy tube: This would not be applicable in typical care for a TURP patient since procedure is transurethral and does not involve a cystostomy tube.
• Keep abdominal dressing clean and dry: TURP does not involve an abdominal incision; refore, re would be no abdominal dressing to maintain.
• Observe wound for hemorrhage and infection: While monitoring for signs of hemorrhage and infection is essential in any postoperative care, it is less specific than ensuring cater patency for a TURP procedure, as re is no external wound in typical TURP operation. The signs of hemorrhage would more commonly be monitored through cater output (e.g., color and consistency of urine).