Concept:

• There are special chemicals that act as hormones and provide chemical coordination, integration, and regulation in human body.
• These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development of our organs, endocrine glands, or certain cells.
• Endocrine glands lack ducts and are hence, called ductless glands.
• Their secretions are called hormones.
• Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts.
• The endocrine glands and hormone-producing diffused tissues/cells located in different parts of our body constitute endocrine system.
• The pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus, and gonads (testis in males and ovary in females) are organized endocrine bodies.
• Some or organs, e.g., gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, heart also produce hormones.

?Explanation:

Thus, correct match is (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) -(iv), (d) - (i).

The correct answer is Pituitary Gland.

Key Points

• The pituitary gland controls functioning of or endocrine glands. The pituitary is often called master gland because its hormones control anor part of endocrine system like thyroid glands, ovaries, and testes.
• The pituitary gland has two parts which are anterior lobe and posterior lobe. Both parts have separate functions. This gland is located at base of brain and it is one-third of an inch diameter.

Additional Information

• The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland and it is located in base of throat. It releases hormones that control metabolism. It is 2 inches long. The thyroid is part of endocrine system which is made up of glands. This gland uses iodine from food we eat.
• The pineal gland is a small pea-shaped gland. it is located in brain. it is called third eye. It is about one-third inch long and its color is a reddish-grey gland. The pineal gland often appears in X-rays.
• The adrenal glands are small glands. It is located on top of each kidney.

The correct answer is adrenaline.

Key Points

• Blood pressure may be referred to as pressure exerted by blood on arteries and veins.
• Adrenaline hormone is administered to a person suffering from a marked fall in blood pressure.
• It is an emergency hormone secreted by adrenal medulla.

Explanation:

• The adrenal medullary hormones, namely adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), have same effect as sympatic stimulation.
• Adrenaline increases rate of heart beat and promotes cardiac output, thus increasing blood pressure.
• It also increases strength of heart contraction, rate of respiration, and metabolic rate.

Hence, correct option is (2) Adrenaline.

Additional Information

• Insulin-
  • It is a peptide hormone secreted by β-cells of Islets of Langerhans of pancreas.
  • Insulin plays significant role in regulation of glucose homeostasis.
• Thyroxine-
  • Thyroxine (T₄) is secreted by thyroid gland.
  • It regulates basal metabolic rate, controls metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
• Vasopressin-
  • It is synsized by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis.
  • It mainly acts at kidney and stimulates reabsorption of water and electrolytes by DCT.
  • Vasopressin is also called as anti-diuretic hormone.