Concept:

Dry volume of cement mortar = 1.33 × wet volume of cement mortar

Bulk density of cement = 1440 kg/m3 

Weight of 1 bag of cement = 50 kg

Calculation:

Given, L = 5 m, H = 3.5 m, T = 0.3 m, Plaster thickness = 0.012 m

Plaster required for both side of wall = 2 × 5 × 3.5 × 0.012 = 0.42 m3 

Dry volume of cement mortar = 1.33 × 0.42 = 0.5586 m3 

Volume of cement required = 0.5586/4 = 0.13965 m3 

Cement bags required = 0.13965/50 × 1440 = 4 bags

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Concept:

The following is parameters and properties of cement:

1. Bulk density of cement = 1440 kg/m3

2. Specific gravity of cement = 3.15

3. Weight of one bag of cement = 50 kg

4. Volume of cement bag = 50/1440 = 0.035 m3

5. Number of cement bags in 1 m3 = 30 approx.

6. Volume of dry mortar is 30% more than volume of wet mortar.

∴ The volume of dry mortar = 1.3 × volume of wet mortar

Calculation:

1 m³ of wet cement mortar will correspond to 1.30 m³ of dry mortar

Sum of proportions = 1 + 5 = 6

Cement =$\frac{1.3}{6}=0.216{\mathrm{m}}^3$

1 m³ of cement = 1440 kg

So, 0.216 m³ to cement = 312 kg

Sand = $\frac{5\times 1.3}{6}=1.08{\mathrm{m}}^3$

The correct answer is Option B: Partly in excavation and partly in embankment.

In canal engineering, berms are provided when y are partly in excavation and partly in embankment. This is done to stabilize slopes of canal and prevent erosion. Berms act as horizontal shelves on sides of canal, providing support to excavated and embanked portions.

Option A: Fully in excavation is incorrect because berms are not exclusively in excavation.

Option C: Fully in embankment is incorrect because berms are not exclusively in embankment.

Option D: All above is incorrect because correct condition for providing berms is when y are partly in excavation and partly in embankment, not fully in eir.