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Chapter:
1. DETERMINATION OF ELEVATION OF VARIOUS POINTS WITH LEVEL MACHINE
TITLE:
DETERMINATION OF ELEVATION OF VARIOUS POINTS WITH LEVEL MACHINE
OBJECTIVES:
To find the R.L of various station of a traverse.
THEORY:
The art of determining and representing the relative height or elevation
of different object/points on the surface of earth is called leveling. It deals with the measurement in vertical plane.
By leveling operation, the relative position of two points is known whether the points are near or far off. Similarly, the point at different elevation with respect to a given datum can be established by leveling.
The levelling operation generally includes following process:
Temporary adjustment
Permanent adjustment
The levelling operation generally includes following process:
Setting up level
Fixing the instrument in tripod
Approximate levelling by leg adjustment
Levelling up with the help of foot screws
Elimination of the parallax
The system of working out the reduced level of the points from staff reading taken in the field is called as reduced level (R.L) of a point.There are two systems of reduced levels:
H.I Method
Rise and fall Method
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Level Machine
Staff
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS:
CHECKS:
RESULTS:
Thus, the reduced level of various stations were determined.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
Error due to imperfect adjustment
Error due to sluggish bubble
Error due to natural sources like earth curvature, refraction etc.
Error due to mistakes in recording, sighting, manipulation etc.
CONCLUSIONS:
Thus, the reduced level of various stations were determined, which can be utilised for further operation in contouring.
