Correct Answer: Option 4

Concept:

• Birth control is a means to prevent pregnancy.
• The measures that are taken to avoid fertilization and thus pregnancy are called contraceptives.
• An ideal contraceptive is readily available, effective, has no side effects, and is user-friendly.

Explanation:

• Condoms:
  • Condoms are mechanical temporary means of contraception.
  • Condoms are thin rubber or latex sheaths.
  • Condoms are used to cover penis in males and vagina or cervix in females just before coitus.
  • Condoms prevent ejaculated semen from entering female reproductive tract. Thus y prove to be effective barriers to insemination preventing conception.
  • Condoms do not interfere with coital act.
  • The use of condoms has increased in recent years. It is simple, effective, and has no side effects.
  • Condoms provide users protection against STDs.
  • Both male and female condoms are disposable and should be discarded after each use.
  • Condoms can be self-inserted.

So from above-given information, correct answer is option 4.

Concept:

• Contraceptives are birth control devices that help in preventing unwanted pregnancies.
• Oral Contraceptives -
  • It is a type of contraceptive method that involves oral administration of contraceptives.
  • It is also known as oral pills.
  • They are usually small doses of progesterone or a combination of progesterone and estrogen.

Important Points

• 'Saheli' is an oral contraceptive for females.
• It is world's first and only non-steroidal contraceptive with very few side effects.
• It is a 'once a week' pill.
• It has high contraceptive value.
• It was developed in India by CSIR-CDRI.

Hence, incorrect statement is option 3.

Additional InformationOr Contraceptive Methods - 

• Natural Methods -
  • These include natural ways by which meeting of sperm and ovum can be avoided.
  • There are 3 major ways - Periodic abstinence, Coitus interruptus and Lactational amenorrhea.
• Physical Methods/ Barriers -
  • This is method by which physical barriers are used to prevent pregnancy.
  • Males can use condoms, while females can use diaphragm, cervical caps or vaults.
  • They block entry of sperms through cervix.
• IUDs -
  • Intra-uterine devices are inserted into uterus through vagina by any medical professional.
  • These can be non-medicated, copper-releasing or hormone-releasing.
  • Examples - Lippes loop, CuT, Cu7, Progestasert, etc.
• Surgical Methods -
  • This includes sterilization processes of tubectomy and vasectomy.
  • It is a terminal method and often irreversible.
  • It interferes with gamete transfer and thus prevent pregnancies.

Correct Answer: Option 3

Concept:

• Birth control is a means to prevent pregnancy.
• The measures that are taken to prevent fertilization and thus pregnancy are called contraceptives.
• An ideal contraceptive is easily available, effective, has no side effects, and is user-friendly.

Explanation:

Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs):

• IUDs are a mechanical means of birth control. It is a temporary means of preventing unwanted pregnancies.
• IUDs are eir plastic or metal objects that are placed inside uterus of a female.
• Lippes loop, copper-releasing IUDs, and hormone-releasing IUDs are different devices used in this method.

Lippes loop:

• It is a plastic double "s" loop.
• It is a non-medicated IUD.
• It stimulates  accumulation of macrophages (immune cells that carry out phagocytosis) in  uterine cavity.
• Macrophages engulf sperms entering uterus after coitus and thus act as a contraceptive.

Copper-releasing IUDs:

• ?The copper released from se IUDs suppresses sperm motility inside female reproductive tract.
• As sperm's ability to swim is reduced, it cannot reach fallopian tube in time for fertilization. Thus  fertilizing capacity of sperm is also reduced.
• As a result, fertilization does not occur and pregnancy is avoided.
• CuT, Cu7, and Multiload 375 are some examples of copper-releasing IUDs.

Hormone-releasing IUDs:

• ?It makes  uterus unsuitable for implantation.
• It also creates a hostile environment for sperm in  cervix of a female.
• As a result, pregnancy is avoided.
• Progestasert and LNG-20 are hormone-releasing IUDs.

Multiload 375:

• Multiload 375 is a type of copper-releasing IUD.
• Its mode of action in preventing pregnancy is suppressing sperm motility inside female reproductive tract.
• As a result of this sperms are not able to reach fallopian tube and thus fertilization does not take place. Pregnancy is avoided.

So from above-given information, correct answer is option 3.