Check lines (or proof lines) in Chain Surveying are essentially required ............

When the length of chain used in measuring distance is longer than the standard length, the error in measured distance w…

The intercept of a staff ............

The 'fix' of a plane table station with three known points, is bad if the plane station lies ............

When the staff is held on a B.M. of R.L. 100.000, the staff reading was 2.000. When the staff is held on station P, the …

When the cross-hairs are not clearly visible ............

The horizontal angle between the truth meridian and magnetic meridian is known as ............

Setting out of a simple curve by two theodolite method does not require ............

Contour lines cross ridge or valley lines at ............