The rise and fall method ............

If D is the angle of deflection of a simple curve of radius R, the length of its long chord, is ............

The surface if zero elevation around the earth, which is slightly irregular and curved, is known as ............

Sensitiveness of a level tube depends upon ............

In order to determine the natural features such as valleys, rivers, lakes, etc., the surveying preferred is ............

Point of tangency is the ............

In a quadrantal system, the bearing of a line is measured ............

If the fore bearing of a line is 36°15', its back bearing will be ............

In reciprocal leveling, the error which is not completely eliminated, is due to ............