A lemniscate curve will not be transitional throughout, if its deflection angle, is ............

The space of cross-sections in a hilly country is usually ............

ABCD is a rectangular plot of land. If the bearing of the side AB is 75°, the bearing of DC is ............

Systematic errors are those errors ............

The main object of running a tie line is ............

Handles of chains are made up of ............

The smaller horizontal angle between the true meridian and a survey line, is known ............

The longitudinal section of the surface of bubble tube is ............

Which one of the following methods can be used for contour interpolation?