Surveys which are carried out to depict mountains, rivers, water bodies, wooded areas and other cultural details, are known as

A staff reading taken on a point whose elevation is to be determined as on a change point is called

Planimeter is used for measuring

Closed contours of decreasing values towards their centre, represent

A 15 cm theodolite means

The length of an Engineer's chain is

The first reading from a level station is

In chain surveying tie lines are primarily provided

Perpendicularity of an offset may be judged by eye, if the length of the offset is