In a closed traverse, sum of south latitudes exceeds the sum of north latitudes and the sum of east departures exceeds the sum of west departures, then, the closing line will lie in

Reciprocal leveling eliminates

In levelling, the correction for combined curvature and refraction (in meters) is equal to

The method of levelling in which the heights of mountains are found by observing the temperature at which water boils is…

The spacing of cross-sections in a hilly country is usually

The main principle of surveying is to work

After levelling of an instrument is done what is the next up?

Spirit level in plane table is used for

Which of the following doesn't involve the method of traversing?