The operation of making the algebraic sum of latitudes and departures of a closed traverse, each equal to zero, is known

Accurate centering of a plane table is done by

Error in sighting and reading is termed as

In order to measure the magnetic bearing of a line, the theodolite should be provided with ___

A line normal to the plumb line at all points is known as

The line of collimation method of reduction of levels, does not provide a check on

In route surveys, the most suitable method of contouring is

In precision theodolite traverse for roads and railways, the angular error of closure should not exceed

When a chain encounters a river