A series of connected straight lines, each joining two points on the ground is known as traverse.

Traversing is the art of surveying in which the number of connected survey lines form the framework where directions and length of survey lines are measured with the help of angle measuring instruments like theodolite, compass etc. and tape , EDM respectively.

Some of the major needs and significance i.e, purposes of traversing are:

• To establish the control points with high precision for mapping and for photogrammetric works.
•  To establish the control points for alignments of roads, canals, river, boundaries and other construction works when better accuracy is required.
• To ascertain the co-ordinates of reference points with reference to national and international grid system.
  

A series of connected straight lines, each joining two points on the ground is known as traverse.

Traversing is the art of surveying in which the number of connected survey lines form the framework where directions and length of survey lines are measured with the help of angle measuring instruments like theodolite, compass etc. and tape , EDM respectively.

Some of the major needs and significance i.e, purposes of traversing are:

• To establish the control points with high precision for mapping and for photogrammetric works.
•  To establish the control points for alignments of roads, canals, river, boundaries and other construction works when better accuracy is required.
• To ascertain the co-ordinates of reference points with reference to national and international grid system.
  

In open traverse, open traverse cannot be checked directly. Cut off line can be taken.

• Taking an axillary point:

Take P permanent point as auxiliary point and measure bearing and length of P from each traverse. If survey is accurate, while plotting all the major bearing of P should meet at P.

sum of measure included angles `=(2n-4)*90 degree`

Where `n` is a number of sides of the traverse or angles.

sum of measured interior angle `=(2*n-4)*90 degree`

sum of measure exterior angles `=(2n+4)*90 degree`

Angular error=observed sum-Theoritical sum

Permissible error `=L*Csquareroot(n)`

If error is positive, correction is negative and vice versa.

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In open traverse, open traverse cannot be checked directly. Cut off line can be taken.

• Taking an axillary point:

Take P permanent point as auxiliary point and measure bearing and length of P from each traverse. If survey is accurate, while plotting all the major bearing of P should meet at P.

sum of measure included angles `=(2n-4)*90 degree`

Where `n` is a number of sides of the traverse or angles.

sum of measured interior angle `=(2*n-4)*90 degree`

sum of measure exterior angles `=(2n+4)*90 degree`

Angular error=observed sum-Theoritical sum

Permissible error `=L*Csquareroot(n)`

If error is positive, correction is negative and vice versa.