These are A.V.P (Auxiliary vertical plane) and A.I.P. (Auxiliary inclined plane). Auxiliary vertical plane is perpendicular to H.P. and inclined to V.P. projection on an A.V.P. is called auxiliary front plane. Auxiliary inclined plane is perpendicular to V.P. and inclined to H.P. projection on an A.I.P. is called auxiliary top view.

As it lies in 3rd quadrant it will show third-angle projection. When observer views object from front, rays of sight intersect V.P. as object is between observer and plane and so according to figure above front view will intersect 2nd plane.

On measuring value of ? by making projection, its value is found.

A square prism is a three-dimensional shape with two square bases and flat sides. Therefore, all square prisms consist of at least two squares, even if not all sides are squares, as long as bases are square, re is a square prism. Cubes are a common example of squareprisms.

Axonometric projection is a type of orthographic projection used for creating a pictorial drawing of an object, where lines of sight are perpendicular to plane of projection, and object is rotated around one or more of its axes to reveal multiple sides.

The Diagonal cross section of a cylinder obtained as ellipse.

Since in both se cases line will be parallel to both planes and so no perpendicular will fall on any of m hence neir top nor front views will be formed.

Referring figure below, on measuring value of ?, inclination is known.

A point has no length or width. It has no thickness. Point is a mark of position. A point specifies exact location. Point is denoted by a dot (.) and is named by an alphabet. Line is composed of infinite points and so here it can be said that a line also does not have thickness.

When solid is placed with base on HP position, in top view, base will be projected in its true shape. Hence, when base of solid is on HP, top view is drawn first and n front view and side views are projected from it. Figure 10 shows a cylinder with its axis perpendicular to HP. There is only one position in which a cylinder or a cone may be placed with its base on HP.