Basics Of Open Channel Flow

Course: Hydraulics — Practice MCQs, solutions, formulas & past entrance questions.

Chapter:

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1. A rectangular concrete channel, `N=0.012` is to be designed to convey a discharge of `8.40 m^3/sec` at a velocity of `0.70 m/sec`, bed slope being `0.00006`. Find width and depth of section.

Solution:
Let b'>b and y'>y be the width and depth of the section.
Now,
flow area, A=by=Qv=8.400.7=12m2'>A=b??y=Qv=8.400.7=12m2
or, b=12y'>b=12y
We have, from chezy's equation,
v=cRSo=1nR23S012'>v=cR??So=1nR23S012
or, R23=vnS012=1.0844353'>R23=v??nS012=1.0844353
or, R=1.12929'>R=1.12929
Again, we have,
R=AP=byb+2y=1212y+2y=12y12+2y2=6y6+y2'>R=AP=b??yb+2y=1212y+2y=12y12+2y2=6y6+y2
or,y2-5.3131y+6=0'>y2-5.3131y+6=0
solving this, we get,
y=3.685mand1.628m'>y=3.685mand1.628m
Now,
When, y=3.685m,b=3.256m'>y=3.685m,b=3.256m
When y=1.628m,b=7.371m'>y=1.628m,b=7.371m
Both the solutions are valid and satisfy the requirement.

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2. Find rate of flow and conveyance for a rectangular channel `7.5 m` wide for uniform flow at a depth of `2.25 m`. The channel is having bed slope as 1 in 1000. Take Chezyâ??s constant `C = 55`. Also state wher flow is tranquil or rapid.

Solution:
 Width of the rectangular channel, b=7.5m'>b=7.5m
 Depth of flow, y=2.25m'>y=2.25my=2.25m
Bed slope, S0'>S0S0 =11000'>1100011000
Chezy's constant, C=55'>C=55C=55
Now, we have,
Rate of flow, Q=A??V=A??CR??S0.......(I)'>Q=A??V=A??CR??S0????????????.......(I)Q=A??V=A??CR??S0????????????.......(I)
Where, Flow area, A=b??y=7.5??2.25=16.875m2'>A=b??y=7.5??2.25=16.875m2A=b??y=7.5??2.25=16.875m2
Wetted perimeter, P=b+2y=7.5+2??2.25=12.0'>P=b+2y=7.5+2??2.25=12.0P=b+2y=7.5+2??2.25=12.0
Also,
hydraulic radius, R=AP=16.87512.0=1.406'>R=AP=16.87512.0=1.406R=AP=16.87512.0=1.406
Thus from equation (I)'>(I)(I),
Q=A??V=A??CR??S0=16.875'>Q=A??V=A??CR??S0????????????=16.875Q=A??V=A??CR??S0????????????=16.875??'>????551.406??11000'>551.406??11000??????????????????????551.406??11000??????????????????????
or, Q=34.76m3sec'>Q=34.76m3secQ=34.76m3sec
Also, Conveyance,K=A??cR=16.875'>K=A??cR??????=16.875K=A??cR??????=16.875??'>????55'>5555??'>????1.406'>1.406??????????1.406??????????=1100.5'>=1100.5=1100.5
Again, Froude's number, Fr=Vg??y=C??R??S09.81??2.25=0.438'>Fr=Vg??y????????=C??R??S0????????????9.81??2.25??????????????????=0.438Fr=Vg??y??????????=C??R??S0????????????9.81??2.25??????????????????=0.438
Since froudes number,Fr'>FrFr is less than 1'>11, the flow in the channel is of tranquil in nature.

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