Force exerted by a jet on a stationery plate happens in three cases. The three cases are classified depending on ir position. After it strikes a smooth plate, its velocity remains same.

When a force can be resolved into two components, one in direction of jet and or perpendicular to jet. The formula for force when it acts perpendicular to direction of flow is equal to pav² Sin?Cos?.

In a jet propulsion, V₁ stands for absolute velocity at inlet. The main application in which this equation is applied is for a jet propulsion in tank with orifice. Thus, correct option is ?b?.

The efficiency of a jet propulsion of ship when inlet orifices are at right angles to direction of motion of ship is given by 2u/(V+2u).

The rate of change of momentum in direction of force is given by formula pav². Where p = Density of fluid flow, a = acceleration of fluid particle and v= velocity of fluid flowing. To derive pav², we take initial velocity minus final velocity.

Force exerted by a jet on a stationery plate happens in three cases. The three cases are classified depending on ir position. Jet propulsion is a method of generating propulsive force by reaction of accelerating mass.

Jet propulsion of ship is less efficient than screw propeller due to large amount of frictional losses developed in pump and pipeline. Thus, it is rarely used in ships.

Force exerted by a jet on a moving plate happens in three cases. The three cases are classified depending on ir position. The three cases are when plate is vertical, plate is inclined and plate is curved with respect to jet.

The force analysis on a curved vane is understood using clearly using study of velocity triangles. There are two types of velocity triangles, inlet velocity triangle and outlet velocity triangle.

Jet propulsion works on principle of Newton?s third law. Newton?s third law states that for every action, re is an equal and opposite reaction. Thus, correct option is Newton?s third law.