Nitrate has been linked to ?blue-baby? syndrome that can be fatal in infants. Chloride increases water salinity and affects soil fertility.

Sites should be selected where soil can be excavated to a minimum depth of 1.8 m. Clay-like soils or any soil that can form a seal over compacted refuse can be acceptable.

Improper segregation may cause mixing in landfills. Methane gas is likely to be released in such circumstances, which is one of most harmful greenhouse gases.

India has largest number of people who practice open defecation (626 million) and most number of child deaths due to poor water, sanitation and hygiene conditions compared to rest of world.

Rubbish consists of wastes which originate in food service facilities, barracks, wards, quarters and offices. Rubbish may be classified as combustible or non-combustible depending upon wher or not it can be burned.

In glaciers, temperature is around -40°C. Toilets are fitted with solar panels of 240 watt to keep excreta warm for processing.

Galvanized steel dustbins with cover are used for household wastes. 0.05-0.1 cubic feet per capita per day is usually provided. A bin with a capacity of 1.5 cubic feet for a family of 5 members is provided if collection is done every 3 days.

The sanplat provides a sanitary platform which can be easily cleaned to limit presence of helminths such as hookworm.

The toilet flushes itself before and after every use, using a minimum amount of water that is determined through sensors: On an average, each flush uses 1.5 litres of water, compared to 8-10 litres used by a normal flush.

Urban India produces up to 188,500 tonnes of waste per day. Segregation and disposal is a major part of disposing this waste.