Since degree of shrinkage depends on geological deposition, presence of sand and silt reduces total shrinkage.

Under loading encountered in soil engineering, it is found out that structural water cannot be separated or removed and refore it is considered as a part and parcel of soil particle.

Free swell of a soil is increase in volume of soil without any constrains on submergence in water and it ceases when water content reaches plastic limit.

Soil water is water present in voids of soil mass.

Maximum capillary height at 4°c is
(hC) max = 0.3084/d =0.617 m
Capillary tension = (hc) max × ?max
=6.05 KN/m³.

As atmospheric pressure, does not have any effect on water in soil mass. It does not contribute to affecting factor.

The neutral pressure does not have measurable influence on mechanical property of soils, such as shearing resistance.

Since soil pores always carry adsorbed water, meniscus formation in capillary tube will always be concave.

Rise of ground water surface in a soil mass due to frost action is termed as frost heave.

The capillary force of soil moisture depends upon various factors such as surface tension of water, pressure in water relation to atmospheric pressure, and size and conformation of soil pores.