The Hydrosere succession is succession in which, a pond and its community are converted into land community. Different stages of hydrosere are:
(i) Phytoplankton stage: e.g., some blue-green algae, green algae (Volvox), diatoms and bacteria etc.
(ii) Rooted submerged stage, e.g., Hydrilla, Vallisneria, etc. - Second stage
(iii) Floating stage, e.g., Nymphaea, Some free-floating species like Azolla, Pistia etc.
(iv) Reed swamp stage, e.g., species of Typha.
(v) Sedge-meadow stage, e.g., species of Cyperaceae and Gramineae.
(vi) Woodland stage, e.g., Lantana, Salix, Populus.
(vii) Forest stage, e.g., Tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests.
Thus, second stage of hydrosere is occupied by Vallisneria. Option D is correct.
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