Basal enclosed part of carpel is called ovary. Ovules are attached to cushion like structure called Placenta. Stigma is part of carpel that receives pollen grain. Arrangement of ovules within ovary is called Placentation.

Stipules are leaf like structure that grows on leaf base. The margin of lamina can be entire, wavy or notched and tip of lamina can be round, acute or obtuse. The arrangement of veins and veinlets in leaf is called venation and veins are vascular tissues of leaves. In pinnate reticulate, only one strong mid-rib is present.

The word morphology derives its origin from Greek which means study of structure. Morphology is a branch of biology that deals with structure of living organisms and relationship between ir structures.

A scar on seed coat through which seed is attached to fruit is called Hilum. The hilum on a bean seed is called an eye. It marks former place of attachment of a seed.

Climbing roots originate from nodes or internodes. They help plant climb on surface. These roots secrete sticky substances that help plants to stick on walls. Climbing roots don?t help in anchoring plant to soil.

Several ripened ovaries produced by same flower on same thalamus form aggregate fruits and each ovary forms a fruitlet. Raspberries and strawberries can be considered as examples of aggregate fruits.

Thick stems that grow horizontally under soil are rhizomes. Nodes and internodes are present in this kind of stem and adventitious roots arise from node. Rhizomes are unaffected during unfavourable conditions. The edible part of ginger is rhizome i.e. underground stem.

A scutellum consists of an embryonic root and an embryonic shoot called as radicle and plumule respectively. Embryonic root is covered by a protective layer called coleorrhiza.

In reticulate venation, veins are arranged haphazardly. However in parallel venation, veins are arranged in a parallel manner. Both kinds can be furr classified into palmate and pinnate. In pinnate venation, only one strong mid-rib is present and in palmate venation more than one strong rib is present. Rice is an example of convergent palmate parallel venation.

A single cotyledon i.e. a monocotyledon is also termed as scutellum. A scutellum consists of embryonic shoot called plumule and embryonic root called radicle. They get ir nourishment from endosperm in initial stage and from cotyledons during ir development into a shoot system.