If the formation level of a highway has a uniform gradient for a particular length, and the ground is also having a longitudinal slope, the earthwork may be calculated by

A structure that carries water above land is known as an ...........................

For brickwork, no deduction is made for the area of opening up to</p>

While estimating a reinforced cement structure, the omitted cover of concrete is assumed

The item of the brick structure measured in sq.m, is

The cross-sections for a highway is taken at

The expected out turn of brick work in cement mortar in foundation and plinth per mason per day, is

An ...............................is an oldest type of machine which removes earth.

A .................................can be used on wet ground and in all conditions of weather.