The value of multiplier constant is given as M= A/n? in which,
A = known area, n? = change in wheel readings.

The curvature correction is applied in case of prismoidal and trapezoidal formulae. This correction assumes certain cases like applying it in level-section, two level section, three level section, side hill section.

The results obtained by use of Simpson?s rule are more accurate in all cases. The result obtained is smaller than those obtained by using trapezoidal rule.

The objective of cross-hair adjustment is to ensure that horizontal cross-hair lie in a plane perpendicular to vertical axis. It is not necessary to level instrument when test is carried out.

It is not compulsory, but having odd number of cross sections makes process simpler when compared to presence of even number of cross sections.

The correction for curvature can be applied for obtaining equivalent areas for type of shape employed for traverse. It is n followed by usage of prismoidal formula.

For calculation purpose, triangles are most preferred shapes as y can be solved with ease. But in reality most of m are in ir own complex shape, which may resemble a trapezoid. So, mostly trapezoid and triangles will be used.

Trapezoidal formula uses prismoidal correction to reduce error caused. The impact of error must be reduced for having a better output. The formula derived for prismoidal correction is having similar conditions as of trapezoidal formula.

By use of planimeter, area of land can be measured which is used for processing. Plumb bob is used for transferring point from paper to ground and alidade for sighting parallel and perpendicular points to station.

The formula used while calculating volume needs to apply certain correction so as to reduce error occurred. In case of prismoidal correction, correction applied will be always subtractive, which means it should be subtracted from volume obtained.