The usage of vernier scale is done in direction method of topological survey. This is used for having a precise output in measurements that are recorded. Compass is used while taking horizontal angles.

The preparation maps require proper surveying, which can be achieved by proper instrumental usage. The instruments used in surveying of city include leveling staff, odolite, chain, tape, ranging rod etc.

In order to conduct an airport survey, certain information must be collected before conducting survey. Those include maps of area, directions, duration of wind and intensity of wind.

The selection of alignment for railway line requires information like water table level, Soil survey, Determination of magnetic bearings, Culverts and gradients. All of se are used and are required in each and every aspect of designing.

Sanitation process includes certain system, which are to be monitored for having a clean environment. Those include excreta management system, waste water management system, solid waste management system and storm water drainage system.

Rocky strata involve usage of blasting method for developing tunnels. The sequence contains marking profile, loading explosive, removing foul gases, checking, scaling, mucking and bolting.

Among following, GIS can be used in process of Road survey. It is having properties of classification methods which can be accessed to have a better result.

Final survey report is done after selection of final alignment. The report includes introduction of project, necessity of project, justification of alignment selected, revenue of project etc.

The factors effecting per capita demand include cost of water, climatic condition, pressure in distributed system, industrial activities, commercial activities and economical status of consumers.

Harbor can be classified based on protection, utility and location. Based on condition of area present, harbor must be constructed. It must be able to adapt to situations and withstand for a longer period.