The value of length of curve at an arc which is designated at 20 m can be given as, l = 20*? / D. On substitution, we get
l = 20*42?12? / 20
l = 42.2 m.

The tangent distance can be defined as distance between point of curvature to point of intersection, which is given as T = R tan (?/2). Here, ? = deflection angle which is determined by setting instrument at required points.

Length of chord can be given as L = 2*r*sin (?/2)
L = 2*14.96*sin (32?24?/2)
L = 8.34 m.

A curve can be expressed as a turning which is provided for a change in direction. It is classified as Simple curve, Compound curve, Reverse curve, Transition curve.

The determination of tangent length, curve length, tangent distance will be done after setting of curve, but not before. The curve setting process actually involves in determination of se. By using required data furr process can be done.

Closing error occurs due to mismatching of beginning and last points. It can be eradicated or reduced up to some extent based on amount of error produced. It is also known as discrepancy.

Length of transition curve is given as L = ne in which, e describes about amount of super elevation provided which should be at a required rate and n varies in between 300 to 1200.

Deflection distances method is adopted in case of long curves, which generally implies in highways. Highway possess long curves which can?t be designed or than this method.

The method of tangential angles involves two processes i.e., radial offset, perpendicular offset in which, perpendicular offset method is having accuracy in results obtained.

The value of chainage of P.R.C can be obtained by using formula,
Chainage of P.R.C = chainage of tangent + length of arc
Chainage of P.R.C = 567.54 + 65
Chainage of P.R.C = 632.54m.