The sewage effluent from house drain is directly discharged in a sludge soak pit. This type of pit is common in regions where subsoil is highly pervious. Its diameter varies from 2-3 m.

An intercepting trap is provided at junction of house drain with public sewer. The opening at top of intercepting trap is called cleaning eye. It is also called a rodding arm. It has a tight-fitting plug and is used for frequent cleaning of trap.

One pipe system is costlier than single stack system for drainage of buildings. In one-pipe system, a separate vent pipe is provided and traps of all basins and water closets are completely ventilated.

The European type water closet is a wash down W.C. which is provided with a seat and a cover and is generally made of porcelain. The pedestal type European water closet is also known as a commode.

Lead pipes have many advantages. They have a high hydraulic coefficient of flow and are highly resistant to corrosion. Lead pipes are highly flexible. Still, it is not preferred because when lead goes into solution, it has a cumulative poisoning effect.

The materials used to make storage tanks are mild steel pressed plates, stone or brick masonry and reinforced concrete. A storage tank can be situated eir at roof level or at ground level or both levels.

The plumbing system consists of entire system of piping fixtures which are used for supply and drainage of water. The various components of plumbing water supply system are water supply and distribution pipes, valves, storage tanks, etc.

Traps are classified into floor traps, gully traps, grease traps, silt tarps and intercepting traps according to ir use. A floor trap is commonly called nahni trap. It is used to collect wash water from kitchens, floors and bathrooms.

Generally, re are two types of urinals. These are bowl type and stall type. Bowl type urinals are used in residential buildings while stall type urinals are used in public buildings.

The diameter of main service pipe may vary from 12-40 mm. The materials which are commonly used for service pipes are copper, lead, galvanised iron and polyne.