Plain cement concrete (PCC) is used to provide rigid impervious bed to RCC in foundation where earth is soft and yielding. PCC can be used over brick flat soling or without brick flat soling. Plain cement concrete can also called only ?cement concrete (CC)? or ?binding concrete?.

For 2nd class building superstructure shall be of 2nd class brickwork in lime mortar. Lintels over doors and windows shall be of R.B.

The General Specification for Civil Engineering Works lays down quality of materials, standards of workmanship, testing methods and acceptance criteria for civil engineering works undertaken for government for a particular Region. Where necessary, this General Specification should be supplemented by a particular specification.

Laying and consolidation shall be done during early rainy season, so that sufficient water is available for consolidation, and during later part of rains ballast gets fully compacted.

This bond has one stretcher between headers, with headers centred over stretchers in course below.
Where a course begins with a quoin stretcher, course will ordinarily terminate with a quoin stretcher at or end. The next course up will begin with a quoin header. For course’s second brick, a queen closer is laid, generating lap of bond. The third brick along is a stretcher, and is?on account of lap?centred above header below.

Road signs in Republic of India are similar to those used in some parts of United Kingdom, except that y are multilingual.
Most urban roads and state highways have signs in state language and English. National highways have signs in Hindi and English.
In 2012, Tourism department of Kerala announced plans to upgrade road signs in state to include maps of nearby hospitals. The Noida Authority announced plans to replace older signboards with new fluorescent signage.

1st class brick shall be soaked in clean water by submerging in a tank for a period of 12 hours immediately before use. Soaking shall be continued till air bubbling is ceased.

SSD = lag distance + braking distance.
= v.t + v²/2gf.
= 22.22*2.5 + (22.2)2/(2*9.81*0.35).
= 126.5 (near to 120)
Where v is in m/s and t = reaction time(2.5sec acc. to IRC).

Rammed earth is simple to manufacture, non-combustible, rmally massive, strong, and durable. However, structures such as walls can be laborious to construct of rammed earth without machinery, e. g., powered tampers, and y are susceptible to water damage if inadequately protected or maintained.

A single carriageway or undivided highway is a road with one, two or more lanes arranged within a single carriageway with no central reservation to separate opposing flows of traffic.
A two-lane road or two-lane highway is a single carriageway with one lane for each direction. A single-track road has a single lane with passing places for traffic in both directions. Road traffic safety is generally worse for high-speed single carriageways than for dual carriageways due to lack of separation between traffic moving in opposing directions.